Njira yokonzekera chithovu cha aluminium

Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera, thovu la aluminiyamu limatha kugawidwa kukhala thovu lotsekeka la aluminium, semi-chithovu cha aluminiyamu chotsekedwa, ndi thovu lotseguka la aluminiyamu kutengera momwe mabowowo amalumikizirana. Njira zokonzekera za thovu la aluminiyamu zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: gawo lamadzimadzi, gawo lolimba, ndi kuyika.

(1) Njira yamadzimadzi

Njira yamadzimadzi ndiyo njira yokonzekera bwino kwambiri ya thovu la aluminiyamu, yomwe ili ndi kafukufuku wochuluka komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, makamaka kuphatikizapo mpweya wowombera muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, njira yopangira zitsulo zamadzimadzi, njira yopangira ndalama, ndi njira yoponyera madzi.

Gasi kuwomba mu zitsulo madzi njira: mu chitsulo chosungunuka zitsulo zotayidwa Sungunulani kuwonjezera thickener particles, kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe a Sungunulani, amagwiritsidwa ntchito thickeners ndi pakachitsulo carbide, aluminiyamu magnesium okusayidi, etc. , haidrojeni, kapena chisakanizo cha mipweya iyi, ndikugwedezeka mosalekeza, zitsulo zosungunuka zimatha kupezeka pambuyo poziziritsa porosity ya 80% ~ 97.5% ya aluminiyamu ya thovu, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1.

Fig.1 Macromorphology ya aluminium thovu yokonzedwa ndi njira ya jakisoni wa gasi

(2) Chitsulo chamadzimadzi chowomba wothandizila njira: ku chitsulo chosungunula chosungunula yonjezerani chowomba, potenthetsa chowotcha chowombera kukhala chotulutsa mpweya, kukulitsa kwachitsulo chosungunula kukhala thovu, kuzirala kungapezeke kwa 91% ~ 93 % ya porosity ya thovu aluminiyamu. Foaming wothandizira ntchito kupangaaluminium thovuTiH2, ZrH2, ndi CaH2, ndi zina zotero.

(3) Kusungunula nkhungu kuponyera njira: ntchito madzi refractory zipangizo kudzaza pores mu thovu siponji, kukhala oumitsa zipangizo refractory, Kutenthetsa kupanga pulasitiki gasification ndi kupeza spongy pore dongosolo la kuponyera, wosungunula zotayidwa anatsanulira mu kuponyera uku, utakhazikika komanso kulimba kuti achotse zida zodzitchinjiriza, zitha kupezeka porosity ya 80% ~ 97% ya thovu. aluminiyamu.

(4) Seepage kuponyera njira: mkulu-kutentha madzi zotayidwa pansi pa mavuto ena seepage mu filler kusiyana kuti zitsulo filler gulu, ndiyeno ntchito kumizidwa kapena akupanga kugwedera ndi njira zina kuchotsa filler, kupeza porosity wa 70% kapena zaaluminiyumu ya thovu. Zodzaza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mchere wosungunuka, mipira ya ceramic yosasungunuka, mipira yopanda kanthu ya corundum, mpweya wa thovu, ndi zina zotero. Njirayi ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: njira yoponyera ya up-pressure percolation ndi njira yoponyera mpweya woipa.

2. Njira yokhazikika ya gawo

(1) Njira ya zitsulo za ufa: Njira ya zitsulo za ufa ndi kusakaniza ufa wa aluminiyamu ndi chowombera (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi TiH2) mu gawo linalake, kukonzekera thupi la pre-germ pansi pa kukakamizidwa koyenera, ndiyeno thupi lopangidwa kale limakhala loponderezedwa. kukonzedwanso, monga kugudubuza, forging, etc., ndiyeno theka-anamaliza mankhwala anaika mu chofunika chitsulo nkhungu, kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina kuti wowomba wothandizira. amawola kupanga thovu ndi kupeza thovu aluminiyamu. Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma khalidwe la mankhwala ndilokwera kwambiri ndipo ntchitoyo imakhala yokhazikika, motero imakula mofulumira, koma njirayi siingapangidwe mosalekeza chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo.

(2) Ufa impregnation slurry njira: sintha kukhuthala kwa aluminium ufa slurry, porous polima thovu zakuthupi kumizidwa mu slurry, ufa waikamo mu pore khoma la polima thovu zakuthupi, ndiyeno kuyanika mankhwala, Kutentha kotero kuti Kuwola kwamafuta a thovu la polima, zinthu zaponji pakuwonongeka kuti zithandizire kwakanthawi, ndipo pamapeto pake ufa wa aluminiyamu umatenthedwa palimodzi, kenako utakhazikika kuti ukhale wolimba wa 70% mpaka 90% wa Chithovu cha Aluminium.

(3) Onjezani njira ya zinthu za mpira: onjezani zinthu za mpira kapena mpira wopanda pake mu aluminium kusungunula ndikuyambitsa, kuti zinthu za mpira zigawidwe mofanana mu aluminium kusungunuka; pitirizani kusonkhezera ndi kuziziritsa ku viscosity yokwanira, ndi jekeseni chitsanzo kuti zitsulo-mpira chuma gulu. Pamene anawonjezera mpira zinthu sungunuka, njira yomiza kuchapa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula mpira chuma, kudutsa-dzenje-mtundu thovu aluminiyamu.

3. electrodeposition njira

Chithovu ndi ndondomeko conductive monga zinthu cathode, mafakitale koyera zotayidwa mbale kwa zinthu anode, mu alkyl zotayidwa njira plating, kotero kuti zotayidwa waikamo pamwamba pa thovu, pambuyo kuyanika pa kutentha sintering, matenthedwe kuwonongeka kwa thovu,aluminium thovu. Njirayi ndi yovuta ndipo imayenera kusintha zosinthika, koma mawonekedwe a thovu ndi ofanana. Kapangidwe ka thovu la aluminiyamu yokonzedwa ndi njira ya electrodeposition ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.

Chithunzi cha 2 Macromorphology ya aluminium thovu yokonzedwa ndi electrodeposition