Chithovu chamkuwandi chinthu chapadera chokhala ndi porous kwambiri komanso cholumikizidwa. Mapangidwe a thovu lamkuwa amakhala ndi zipilala zolimba ndi maukonde a maselo otseguka, omwe amaupatsa wapadera katundu ndi ntchito.

Mizati yolimba mu thovu yamkuwa imapangidwa ndi mkuwa woyera, kupereka mphamvu ndi ma conductivity kwa zinthuzo. Zipilalazi zimapanga maukonde atatu-dimensional omwe amapatsa thovu lamkuwa kuti likhale lolimba komanso kuti lizitha kupirira kutentha ndi kupanikizika. Ma struts amaperekanso chimango cha zinthuzo kuti zisunge mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uinjiniya ndi mafakitale.

Kuphatikiza pa zipilala zolimba, thovu lamkuwa limakhalanso ndi maselo otseguka omwe amagawidwa muzinthu zonse. Maselo otsegukawa amapangitsa kuti thovu lamkuwa likhale lolimba kwambiri komanso kuti likhale lochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lopepuka komanso losavuta kutulutsa mpweya ndi zakumwa. Maselo otsegula amawonjezeranso kutentha komansokutsekereza kwamayimbidwe, kupanga thovu lamkuwa loyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta ndi ma acoustic.

Mapangidwe ogwirizana a thovu lamkuwa, ndi zipilala zake zolimba ndi pores otseguka, amapereka zinthuzo ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe amathandizira njira zothandizira komanso zosefera. Kuchuluka kwa chithovu chamkuwa ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu kumathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa zinthuzo ndi zozungulira zake, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri pakusintha kwamankhwala komansofyuluta yogwira mtimakulekanitsa tinthu tating'ono ndi madzi.

Ponseponse, kapangidwe kathovu lamkuwazimapangitsa kukhala zinthu zosunthika komanso zamtengo wapatali zamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikizika kwake kwapadera kwa zipilala zolimba ndi pores otseguka kumapereka mphamvu yapamwamba, kuwongolera, kutulutsa komanso kumtunda, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga zosinthira kutentha, otembenuza catalytic, zosefera ndi zosefera.mapanelo amayimbidwe. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pakupanga thovu lamkuwa, kapangidwe kake kadzapitilizabe kuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakutsegula kuthekera kwake kogwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo.