Zatsopano zotentha kwambiri pakadali pano -Chithovu Chachitsulo
Chithovu chachitsulo chimakhala ndi mphamvu zina, ductility ndi zowonjezera, ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopepuka zamapangidwe. Zinthuzo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zoyambira pazigawo za ndege. M'mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi zida zoponya mizinga, zitsulo za thovu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopepuka, zothandizira kusamutsa kutentha. Chifukwa amatha kuwotcherera, kumatidwa kapena kukutidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, amatha kukhala masangweji onyamula katundu. Monga mapiko achitsulo chipolopolo cha gulu lothandizira, mphuno ya mphuno ya mphuno ya chipolopolo cha kugwa kwa anti-kutentha kwa thupi lothandizira (chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwino ka kutentha) ndi zida zolowera ndege ndi zina zotero. Mukumanga,chitsulo thovuzimafunika kupanga zinthu zopepuka, zolimba, zosagwira moto, njanji kapena gulu lothandizira la zinthu izi. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa ma elevator amakono kumafunanso nyumba zopepuka zokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zonyamula katundu kuti zichepetse mphamvu zamagetsi. Zipolopolo za cylindrical zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazomangamanga monga ma fuselages a ndege ndi nsanja zamafuta akunyanja. Zipolopolo zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala zimawonongeka mosavuta zikalemedwa, koma ngati chipolopolocho chimathandizidwa ndi thovu losalekeza: koyilo, kapangidwe kake kali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kuposa chipolopolo chapakati chosalimba cha m'mimba mwake ndi kukula kwake. Chithovu chamkuwa ndichosavuta kupanga komanso chosavuta kupunduka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira. Chitsulo cha thovu chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati kulimbikitsazakuthupikwa zinthu zambiri organic, inorganic ndi zitsulo. Monga chithovu cha faifi tambala chodzaza ndi zolimba za aluminiyamu zosungunuka zopangidwa ndi faifi ya faifi yolimba ya aluminium alloy (NFRA).
Chitsulo cha thovu ndichoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapanelo osiyanasiyana, zipolopolo ndi machubu opepuka a j coil, opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizika zama laminated. Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito porous porous for structural materials ndi kupanga masangweji mapanelo. Masangweji omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege zamakono amagwiritsa ntchito galasi kapena khungu la carbon fiber composite. Zikopa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi aluminiyamu yachitsulo kapena pepala-resinzipangizo za zisa, kapena ndi thovu lolimba la polima, kuti apatse gulu la sangweji kuuma kwina kwapadera komanso mphamvu yopindika. Tekinoloje yomweyi yawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zina zingapo pomwe kulemera ndi gawo lofunikira: ma shuttles, ma bobsled, mabwato othamanga, ndi nyumba zosunthika, pakati pa ena.

Kuteteza chitetezo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitsulo za thovu, zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pamene zimasunga mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwira pa chinthu chotetezedwa pansi pa malire owononga. Zida za porous thovu zitha kukhala zoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito kotere. Mwa kulamulira kachulukidwe wake wachibale, mphamvu ya chitsulo chithovu akhoza kusinthidwa pa osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthuzo zimatha kupirira zovuta zazikulu zoponderezedwa nthawi zonse, kotero kuti mphamvu zambiri zimatengedwa popanda kupsinjika kwambiri. Pokonzekera fupa lochita kupanga, malinga ndi kukula kwa pore 150¨m ~ 250¨m ndi porosity yaikulu, zipangizo zamakono chifukwa cha mphamvu ya nthawiyi sizingagwirizane ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kukula.chitsulo thovufupa lochita kupanga. Zitsulo za thovu izi zimapangidwa ndi njira wamba monga electroplating, ndipo zimatengera katundu pakuwumba ndi njira zina komanso m'thupi la munthu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mafupa ambiri aumunthu omwe alibe mphamvu yodzipangira okha kuti azindikire porosity yaikulu yofunikira kwa mafupa aumunthu pamene akusunga katundu wapamwamba wamakina, mwachitsanzo, kuti akwaniritse porosity yaikulu yofunikira kwa mafupa aumunthu pamene akusunga katundu wapamwamba wamakina.