1. Kodi thovu lachitsulo ndi thovu la aluminium ndi chiyani
M'mbiri yakale, kupezeka kwa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi thovu ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa ntchito yonse ya zomangamanga. Chithovu chachitsulo ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chili ndi pores ambiri ndipo chimadzazidwa ndi mpweya pamodzi ndi dongosolo [2]. Ma pores a zitsulo zachitsulo izi amatha kulumikizidwa kapena kusindikizidwa, ndipo amatchedwa thovu lotseguka komanso thovu lotsekeka, motsatana, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2 (a) (b) [3]. Pakati pawo, zinthu zotayidwa thovu pakali pano ndi zitsulo zodalirika kwambiri za thovu, chifukwa cha porosity yake yayikulu, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kulemera kwake, mphamvu yayikulu, kukhazikika bwino, kuyamwa kwamphamvu, kuyamwa bwino kwamawu, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino amagetsi. Kuchita bwino kwambiri, komwe kumatchedwa "metal star" [4], komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zina zogwirira ntchito m'magawo a uinjiniya wamlengalenga, kupanga ndi sayansi yakuthupi.
Chithunzi 2. Makhalidwe apangidwe a aluminiyumu thovu: (a) Tsegulani thovu la aluminium; (B) Chithovu cha aluminiyamu chotsekedwa [3]
2. Kupezeka kwa aluminiyamu ya thovu
M’mbiri yonse, zinthu monga fupa, matabwa, ndi pumice zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mofala kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Ofufuza ambiri amalosera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kwalimbikitsa kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu monga chitsulo. Ngakhale matekinoloje ambiri otulutsa thovu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano aperekedwa kuyambira m'ma 1950, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kupezeka kwa aluminiyamu yokhala ndi thovu kunayambika m'chaka cha 1926, pamene Ma De Meller anatchula koyamba kuti chitsulo chimatulutsa thovu mu setifiketi yaku France. Meller nthawi ina adanenapo kuti chitsulo chotulutsa thovu chikhoza kutheka pobweretsa mpweya wosungunula muzitsulo zosungunula, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chotulutsa thovu monga carbonate muzitsulo zosungunuka. Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi chivomerezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi lingaliro, chimayala maziko a masitepe otsatirawa pakupanga thovu la aluminiyamu. John C. Elliott adalimbikitsanso lingaliro ili zaka 20 pambuyo pake, kupanga ndondomeko yosinthidwa ya Meller patent ndikuyambitsa thovu loyamba lopezeka la aluminiyamu, lomwe linathandizira kugulitsa zinthu ku Japan m'ma 1990. Kutulutsidwa kunayala maziko [5].
3. Kuchita ndi kugwiritsa ntchito aluminium thovu
Aluminiyamu thovu ndi chitsulo ndi mkulu porosity ndi porous dongosolo, mmene losindikizidwa pores nkhani pafupifupi atatu mwa anayi a voliyumu okwana zitsulo zakuthupi, kupanga zinthu kuwala kwambiri [7]. Kuphatikiza pazikhalidwe zomwe zili pamwambazi, aluminiyumu yokhala ndi thovu ilinso ndi mawonekedwe opatsa mphamvu amayamwidwe komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu [7]. Ponena za kachulukidwe, ochita kafukufuku anapeza kuti kachulukidwe ka zitsanzo zambiri za aluminiyamu za thovu ndi za 0.4-1.2 g·cm-3 [6]. Kuphatikiza apo, aluminiyumu yokhala ndi thovu imakhalanso ndi mayamwidwe omveka, obwerezabwereza komanso otsika matenthedwe matenthedwe [7].
Pankhani ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito, zotchingira ma elekitiroleti, kulemera kopepuka komanso mayamwidwe a thovu la aluminiyamu zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyendetsedwa ndi nyukiliya, magalimoto, mlengalenga ndi mafakitale omanga chifukwa chokana madera ovuta kwambiri. Mu chipangizo chowongolera chophatikizika cha nyukiliya, thovu lotsekeka la aluminiyamu ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotchingira ma elekitirodi. Chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa mafupa a aluminium thovu, ili ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri komanso luso lotha kuyamwa ndikuwonetsa mafunde amagetsi. Zotayika zosiyanasiyana zimachitika, monga kutayika kwa mayamwidwe, kutayika kowoneka bwino, ndi zina zambiri, kotero kuti aluminiyamu yokhala ndi thovu imakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezekanso kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yotchinga ya aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi thovu idawonetsa kutsika koyamba ndikuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency a electromagnetic wave [3]. M'makampani azamlengalenga, aluminiyamu yokhala ndi thovu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma cones kapena ma turbine. Chifukwa cha kutsika kwa aluminiyumu ya thovu, ndizothandiza kwambiri pochepetsa kulemera kwathunthu kwa zigawo za ndege [7]. Ndipo monga chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotengera mphamvu, aluminiyamu ya thovu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotchingira za m’mlengalenga, zotengera kugwedera ndi pansi pa kanyumba kobwerera kwa chombocho, kotero kuti chombocho chikhoza kutera motetezeka ndi kuteteza chitetezo cha oyenda mumlengalenga ndi zida zakuthambo. Kupyolera mu kuyamwa bwino kwa mphamvu ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu, aluminiyumu ya thovu imatha kutsimikizira chitetezo cha astronaut chifukwa cha kutera kwa chombo, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3 [8].
Chithunzi 3. Kukongoletsedwa pang'ono kwa bilge yosagwira ntchito[8]
1-khungu lapamwamba; 2 - zingwe za aluminiyamu za thovu; 3-m'munsi khungu
M'makampani opangira magalimoto, aluminiyumu yokhala ndi thovu imathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chimango, kumapangitsa kuti msonkhano ukhale wogwira mtima, ndipo pamapeto pake umathandizira kuchepetsa ndalama ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito [7]. Pakalipano, aluminiyamu ya thovu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zotsutsana ndi kugunda, matabwa ndi matabwa a zitseko m'magulu a galimoto pamsika, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4 [9-10].
Chithunzi 4. (a) ndi chithunzi cha mbali zina zotengera mphamvu za thupi lagalimoto;
(B) Chithunzi chojambula cha foam aluminium anti-collision bar
M'makampani omanga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa aluminiyamu ya thovu kumakhala ngati chotchinga chotchinga moto kuti chiteteze phokoso lalikulu. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thovu la aluminiyamu yotsekedwa pamapangidwe ndi Shanghai SOHO Fuxing Plaza. Wopangayo amagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyumu ya thovu kuti azitha kuyamwa ndi kutsekereza mawu, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6 [11].
Kupezeka kwa aluminiyamu yokhala ndi thovu kumaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Zida za aluminiyamu zokhala ndi thovu zimaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri amagetsi amagetsi, kulemera kopepuka, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, mayamwidwe odabwitsa komanso kuyamwa kwamphamvu, kotero imagwira ntchito bwino m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana masiku ano. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, aluminiyumu yopangidwa ndi thovu ndi chinthu chokonda zachilengedwe chomwe chimatha kubwezeretsedwanso, kutanthauza kuti ndi chinthu chokhazikika ndipo chikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka pamafakitale amtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-30-2021
